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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Komplanarität</span></h1>
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<p><b>Komplanarität</b> (auch <b>Koplanarität</b> oder <b>Coplanarität</b>, von <a href="Latein" title="Latein">lat.</a> <i>co-</i> und <i>planar</i> „in der selben Ebene liegend“) ist ein Begriff aus der <a href="Analytische_Geometrie" title="Analytische Geometrie">Analytischen Geometrie</a>, einem Teilgebiet der <a href="Mathematik" title="Mathematik">Mathematik</a>. Drei verschiedene Punkte, die nicht auf einer gemeinsamen Geraden liegen, erzeugen eindeutig eine <a href="Ebene_(Mathematik)" title="Ebene (Mathematik)">Ebene</a>, in der sie liegen.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mehr als drei Punkte sind <b>komplanar</b>, wenn sie in einer gemeinsamen Ebene liegen.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Entsprechend sind drei <a href="Vektor" title="Vektor">Vektoren</a> komplanar, wenn sie in derselben Ebene liegen.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dies ist genau dann der Fall, wenn sich einer der Vektoren als <a href="Linearkombination" title="Linearkombination">Linearkombination</a> der anderen beiden darstellen lässt, d. h. wenn die drei Vektoren <a href="Lineare_Unabh%C3%A4ngigkeit" title="Lineare Unabhängigkeit">linear abhängig</a> sind.
</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Komplanaritätsuntersuchung"><span id="Komplanarit.C3.A4tsuntersuchung"></span>Komplanaritätsuntersuchung</h2></div>
<p>In der <a href="Lineare_Algebra" title="Lineare Algebra">linearen Algebra</a> bedeutet Komplanarität bei <a href="Vektor" title="Vektor">Vektoren</a> eines <a href="Vektorraum" title="Vektorraum">Vektorraums</a>, dass der von diesen Vektoren aufgespannte <a href="Untervektorraum" title="Untervektorraum">Untervektorraum</a> die <a href="Dimension_(Mathematik)" title="Dimension (Mathematik)">Dimension</a> 2 hat. Zur Prüfung der Komplanarität von Vektoren kann eine <i>Komplanaritätsuntersuchung</i> durchgeführt werden. Hierfür gibt es mehrere Möglichkeiten:
</p><p>Bei drei komplanaren Vektoren muss sich einer von ihnen als Linearkombination der beiden anderen darstellen lassen. Gelingt es zum Beispiel zu zeigen, dass <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\vec {a}}=r{\vec {b}}+s{\vec {c}}}">
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<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\vec {a}}=r{\vec {b}}+s{\vec {c}}}</annotation>
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</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/3c173caf19d6406683bc47c4f614a33b14bd65fd.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.505ex; width:11.625ex; height:3.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\vec {a}}=r{\vec {b}}+s{\vec {c}}}" loading="lazy"></span> für reelle Zahlen <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle r}">
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<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
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<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle r}</annotation>
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</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/0d1ecb613aa2984f0576f70f86650b7c2a132538.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.049ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle r}" loading="lazy"></span> und <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle s}">
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<mi>s</mi>
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<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle s}</annotation>
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</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/01d131dfd7673938b947072a13a9744fe997e632.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.09ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle s}" loading="lazy"></span> gilt, so sind die Vektoren komplanar. Die Prüfung läuft dann auf das Lösen eines <a href="Lineares_Gleichungssystem" title="Lineares Gleichungssystem">linearen Gleichungssystems</a> mit drei Gleichungen und zwei Unbekannten hinaus.
</p><p>Bei drei komplanaren Vektoren <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\vec {a}},{\vec {b}},{\vec {c}}}">
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<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
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<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\vec {a}},{\vec {b}},{\vec {c}}}</annotation>
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</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/befa941df6751fd0d377ccd7d31130ef372a3b8c.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:5.615ex; height:3.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\vec {a}},{\vec {b}},{\vec {c}}}" loading="lazy"></span> muss die <a href="Gleichung" title="Gleichung">Gleichung</a> <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \alpha {\vec {a}}+\beta {\vec {b}}+\gamma {\vec {c}}={\vec {0}}}">
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<mi>α<!-- α --></mi>
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<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \alpha {\vec {a}}+\beta {\vec {b}}+\gamma {\vec {c}}={\vec {0}}}</annotation>
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</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/b1eb691b12e67d7af1d9d038ab7abf0ed6220136.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:17.57ex; height:3.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \alpha {\vec {a}}+\beta {\vec {b}}+\gamma {\vec {c}}={\vec {0}}}" loading="lazy"></span> eine Lösung haben, bei der <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \alpha ,\beta ,\gamma }">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>α<!-- α --></mi>
<mo>,</mo>
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<mo>,</mo>
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<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \alpha ,\beta ,\gamma }</annotation>
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</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/301cc1b37ba8f0fb0c9bedee5efa5e0b5bc9e791.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:6.15ex; height:2.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \alpha ,\beta ,\gamma }" loading="lazy"></span> nicht alle null sind. Die Prüfung läuft dann auf das Lösen eines linearen Gleichungssystems mit drei Gleichungen und drei Unbekannten hinaus.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>Entstammen die Vektoren einem dreidimensionalen Vektorraum, so lässt sich diese Prüfung mit dem <a href="Spatprodukt" title="Spatprodukt">Spatprodukt</a> durchführen: Die Vektoren <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\vec {a}},{\vec {b}},{\vec {c}}}">
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<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\vec {a}},{\vec {b}},{\vec {c}}}</annotation>
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</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/befa941df6751fd0d377ccd7d31130ef372a3b8c.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:5.615ex; height:3.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\vec {a}},{\vec {b}},{\vec {c}}}" loading="lazy"></span> sind genau dann komplanar, wenn ihr Spatprodukt <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle ({\vec {a}},{\vec {b}},{\vec {c}})=0}">
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<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle ({\vec {a}},{\vec {b}},{\vec {c}})=0}</annotation>
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</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/d508d1f9e0cc13febaa97c80d7018d39afdacf69.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:11.685ex; height:3.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle ({\vec {a}},{\vec {b}},{\vec {c}})=0}" loading="lazy"></span> ist. Auch gilt dann <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \det({\vec {a}},{\vec {b}},{\vec {c}})=0}">
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<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo movablelimits="true" form="prefix">det</mo>
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<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \det({\vec {a}},{\vec {b}},{\vec {c}})=0}</annotation>
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</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/0560efd682cc64500603de6cb2ad3381bd5792d5.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:14.914ex; height:3.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \det({\vec {a}},{\vec {b}},{\vec {c}})=0}" loading="lazy"></span>.
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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Beispiel">Beispiel</h2></div>

<p>Drei Vektoren <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\vec {a}}={\begin{pmatrix}2\\4\\6\end{pmatrix}},{\vec {b}}={\begin{pmatrix}2\\6\\7\end{pmatrix}}}">
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<mn>7</mn>
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<mo>)</mo>
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<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\vec {a}}={\begin{pmatrix}2\\4\\6\end{pmatrix}},{\vec {b}}={\begin{pmatrix}2\\6\\7\end{pmatrix}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/add7c721694ad8a45377e23f56008d69c5f6bc6d.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -4.005ex; width:21.516ex; height:9.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\vec {a}}={\begin{pmatrix}2\\4\\6\end{pmatrix}},{\vec {b}}={\begin{pmatrix}2\\6\\7\end{pmatrix}}}" loading="lazy"></span> und <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\vec {c}}={\begin{pmatrix}2\\0\\4\end{pmatrix}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>c</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mtable rowspacing="4pt" columnspacing="1em">
<mtr>
<mtd>
<mn>2</mn>
</mtd>
</mtr>
<mtr>
<mtd>
<mn>0</mn>
</mtd>
</mtr>
<mtr>
<mtd>
<mn>4</mn>
</mtd>
</mtr>
</mtable>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\vec {c}}={\begin{pmatrix}2\\0\\4\end{pmatrix}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/8e8b5fcd144d94d408b16d5967f2dc5e9f199f7f.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -4.005ex; width:10.302ex; height:9.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\vec {c}}={\begin{pmatrix}2\\0\\4\end{pmatrix}}}" loading="lazy"></span> sollen auf Komplanarität untersucht werden.
</p><p><b>Ansatz</b>:
</p><p><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\begin{pmatrix}2\\4\\6\end{pmatrix}}=r\cdot {\begin{pmatrix}2\\6\\7\end{pmatrix}}+s\cdot {\begin{pmatrix}2\\0\\4\end{pmatrix}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mtable rowspacing="4pt" columnspacing="1em">
<mtr>
<mtd>
<mn>2</mn>
</mtd>
</mtr>
<mtr>
<mtd>
<mn>4</mn>
</mtd>
</mtr>
<mtr>
<mtd>
<mn>6</mn>
</mtd>
</mtr>
</mtable>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo>=</mo>
<mi>r</mi>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mtable rowspacing="4pt" columnspacing="1em">
<mtr>
<mtd>
<mn>2</mn>
</mtd>
</mtr>
<mtr>
<mtd>
<mn>6</mn>
</mtd>
</mtr>
<mtr>
<mtd>
<mn>7</mn>
</mtd>
</mtr>
</mtable>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo>+</mo>
<mi>s</mi>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mtable rowspacing="4pt" columnspacing="1em">
<mtr>
<mtd>
<mn>2</mn>
</mtd>
</mtr>
<mtr>
<mtd>
<mn>0</mn>
</mtd>
</mtr>
<mtr>
<mtd>
<mn>4</mn>
</mtd>
</mtr>
</mtable>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\begin{pmatrix}2\\4\\6\end{pmatrix}}=r\cdot {\begin{pmatrix}2\\6\\7\end{pmatrix}}+s\cdot {\begin{pmatrix}2\\0\\4\end{pmatrix}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/6dfceb1aa4a4299e7373a4db1c9157ba3b916b1d.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -4.005ex; width:29.379ex; height:9.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\begin{pmatrix}2\\4\\6\end{pmatrix}}=r\cdot {\begin{pmatrix}2\\6\\7\end{pmatrix}}+s\cdot {\begin{pmatrix}2\\0\\4\end{pmatrix}}}" loading="lazy"></span> mit <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle r,s\in \mathbb {R} }">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>r</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>s</mi>
<mo>∈<!-- ∈ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle r,s\in \mathbb {R} }</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/c9a89ebdf27d625a7b214cc04cfbe673f5cbddcf.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:7.692ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle r,s\in \mathbb {R} }" loading="lazy"></span>.
</p><p>Aus dem Ansatz folgt das lineare Gleichungssystem:
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\begin{matrix}2r+2s&amp;=&amp;2&amp;{\text{(I)}}\\6r+0s&amp;=&amp;4&amp;{\text{(II)}}\\7r+4s&amp;=&amp;6&amp;{\text{(III)}}\end{matrix}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mtable rowspacing="4pt" columnspacing="1em">
<mtr>
<mtd>
<mn>2</mn>
<mi>r</mi>
<mo>+</mo>
<mn>2</mn>
<mi>s</mi>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mo>=</mo>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mn>2</mn>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mtext>(I)</mtext>
</mrow>
</mtd>
</mtr>
<mtr>
<mtd>
<mn>6</mn>
<mi>r</mi>
<mo>+</mo>
<mn>0</mn>
<mi>s</mi>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mo>=</mo>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mn>4</mn>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mtext>(II)</mtext>
</mrow>
</mtd>
</mtr>
<mtr>
<mtd>
<mn>7</mn>
<mi>r</mi>
<mo>+</mo>
<mn>4</mn>
<mi>s</mi>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mo>=</mo>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mn>6</mn>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mtext>(III)</mtext>
</mrow>
</mtd>
</mtr>
</mtable>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\begin{matrix}2r+2s&amp;=&amp;2&amp;{\text{(I)}}\\6r+0s&amp;=&amp;4&amp;{\text{(II)}}\\7r+4s&amp;=&amp;6&amp;{\text{(III)}}\end{matrix}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/1de733fa06d151dbdd5e97c92e01873308af92df.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -4.338ex; width:22.322ex; height:9.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\begin{matrix}2r+2s&amp;=&amp;2&amp;{\text{(I)}}\\6r+0s&amp;=&amp;4&amp;{\text{(II)}}\\7r+4s&amp;=&amp;6&amp;{\text{(III)}}\end{matrix}}}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>Aus Gleichung <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle ({\text{II}})}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mtext>II</mtext>
</mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle ({\text{II}})}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/5ef598ca2b1e2072a97215b10a97691fee0ef403.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:3.489ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle ({\text{II}})}" loading="lazy"></span> folgt <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle r=2/3}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>r</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mn>2</mn>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>/</mo>
</mrow>
<mn>3</mn>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle r=2/3}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/8d9c3bcb20ffef6afd5bd44a089043f48f5279dd.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:7.634ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle r=2/3}" loading="lazy"></span>. Einsetzen in Gleichung <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle ({\text{I}})}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mtext>I</mtext>
</mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle ({\text{I}})}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/b35fba0bab8d73f7fca5b4c38270a84384d1deae.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:2.649ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle ({\text{I}})}" loading="lazy"></span> und Umstellen liefert <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle s=1/3}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>s</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>/</mo>
</mrow>
<mn>3</mn>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle s=1/3}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/c3f59b878c5c29ca4e841f60a88d99be887ec6f5.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:7.676ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle s=1/3}" loading="lazy"></span>. Gleichung <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle ({\text{III}})}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mtext>III</mtext>
</mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle ({\text{III}})}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/2edd837209e9fd3cbc1d2f1bdf1b8beaa7306484.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:4.328ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle ({\text{III}})}" loading="lazy"></span> ist für <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle r=2/3}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>r</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mn>2</mn>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>/</mo>
</mrow>
<mn>3</mn>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle r=2/3}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/8d9c3bcb20ffef6afd5bd44a089043f48f5279dd.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:7.634ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle r=2/3}" loading="lazy"></span> und <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle s=1/3}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>s</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>/</mo>
</mrow>
<mn>3</mn>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle s=1/3}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/c3f59b878c5c29ca4e841f60a88d99be887ec6f5.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:7.676ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle s=1/3}" loading="lazy"></span> wegen <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle 7\cdot 2/3+4\cdot 1/3=6}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mn>7</mn>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<mn>2</mn>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>/</mo>
</mrow>
<mn>3</mn>
<mo>+</mo>
<mn>4</mn>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<mn>1</mn>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>/</mo>
</mrow>
<mn>3</mn>
<mo>=</mo>
<mn>6</mn>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle 7\cdot 2/3+4\cdot 1/3=6}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/23ddacdb1d55e08a0599ebbcfa3cd8057a8e8afa.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:19.759ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle 7\cdot 2/3+4\cdot 1/3=6}" loading="lazy"></span> erfüllt. Somit ist <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\vec {a}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>a</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\vec {a}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/546e6615827e17295718741fd0b86f639a947f16.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.23ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\vec {a}}}" loading="lazy"></span> eine Linearkombination von <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\vec {b}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>b</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\vec {b}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/3c9ef58be7103eb0b2bfcb460df23430f6a36216.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.094ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\vec {b}}}" loading="lazy"></span> und <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\vec {c}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>c</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\vec {c}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/965bd8710781b710cbfdb79da0b4e3b097bef506.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.223ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\vec {c}}}" loading="lazy"></span>,
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\vec {a}}={\frac {2}{3}}\cdot {\vec {b}}+{\frac {1}{3}}\cdot {\vec {c}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>a</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mn>2</mn>
<mn>3</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>b</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo>+</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mn>1</mn>
<mn>3</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>c</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\vec {a}}={\frac {2}{3}}\cdot {\vec {b}}+{\frac {1}{3}}\cdot {\vec {c}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/2a00ed1fc64008d29cdc5b2653030b878b6481a5.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.838ex; width:16.841ex; height:5.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\vec {a}}={\frac {2}{3}}\cdot {\vec {b}}+{\frac {1}{3}}\cdot {\vec {c}}}" loading="lazy"></span>,</dd></dl>
<p>und <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\vec {a}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>a</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\vec {a}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/546e6615827e17295718741fd0b86f639a947f16.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.23ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\vec {a}}}" loading="lazy"></span>, <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\vec {b}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>b</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\vec {b}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/3c9ef58be7103eb0b2bfcb460df23430f6a36216.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.094ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\vec {b}}}" loading="lazy"></span> und <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\vec {c}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>c</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\vec {c}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/965bd8710781b710cbfdb79da0b4e3b097bef506.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.223ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\vec {c}}}" loading="lazy"></span> sind komplanar.
</p><p><a href="Kollineare_Punkte#Kollineare_Vektoren" class="mw-redirect" title="Kollineare Punkte">Kollineare Vektoren</a> sind immer auch komplanar, es gibt unendlich viele Ebenen, in denen sie liegen können. Ersetzt man zum Beispiel den obigen Vektor <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\vec {b}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>b</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\vec {b}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/3c9ef58be7103eb0b2bfcb460df23430f6a36216.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.094ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\vec {b}}}" loading="lazy"></span> durch <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\vec {d}}={\begin{pmatrix}1\\2\\3\end{pmatrix}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>d</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mtable rowspacing="4pt" columnspacing="1em">
<mtr>
<mtd>
<mn>1</mn>
</mtd>
</mtr>
<mtr>
<mtd>
<mn>2</mn>
</mtd>
</mtr>
<mtr>
<mtd>
<mn>3</mn>
</mtd>
</mtr>
</mtable>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\vec {d}}={\begin{pmatrix}1\\2\\3\end{pmatrix}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/c40bb5b73433fa23b7d22f4160793cadaa1f669f.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -4.005ex; width:10.627ex; height:9.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\vec {d}}={\begin{pmatrix}1\\2\\3\end{pmatrix}}}" loading="lazy"></span>, dann sind die Vektoren <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\vec {a}},{\vec {c}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>a</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo>,</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>c</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\vec {a}},{\vec {c}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/a34e5f985ed65c30b0dcdc5b61d52cae18dbe09b.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:3.487ex; height:2.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\vec {a}},{\vec {c}}}" loading="lazy"></span> und <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\vec {d}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>d</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\vec {d}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/3e1eb48ef8121a782f64c8453fa6f80a9ca26e2e.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.547ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\vec {d}}}" loading="lazy"></span> kollinear. Eine Komplanaritätsuntersuchung der drei Vektoren <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\vec {a}},{\vec {d}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>a</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo>,</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>d</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\vec {a}},{\vec {d}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/ce33b57dd7a0935f977517d6c893d29be505dcc2.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:3.811ex; height:3.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\vec {a}},{\vec {d}}}" loading="lazy"></span> und <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\vec {c}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>c</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\vec {c}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/965bd8710781b710cbfdb79da0b4e3b097bef506.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.223ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\vec {c}}}" loading="lazy"></span> nach obigem Vorbild ergibt dann <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle s=0}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>s</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mn>0</mn>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle s=0}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/7903b8069a44c70f6f96511675bdd9a4ff200ed7.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:5.351ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle s=0}" loading="lazy"></span> und <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle r=2}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>r</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mn>2</mn>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle r=2}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/c19b110d7eb52a69381b88554e63c8a2aef376c7.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:5.31ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle r=2}" loading="lazy"></span> als Lösungen des neuen Gleichungssystems, woraus die Kollinearität der beiden Vektoren <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\vec {a}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>a</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\vec {a}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/546e6615827e17295718741fd0b86f639a947f16.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.23ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\vec {a}}}" loading="lazy"></span> und <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\vec {d}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>d</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\vec {d}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/3e1eb48ef8121a782f64c8453fa6f80a9ca26e2e.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.547ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\vec {d}}}" loading="lazy"></span> folgt. Versucht man dagegen den Vektor <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\vec {c}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>c</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\vec {c}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/965bd8710781b710cbfdb79da0b4e3b097bef506.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.223ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\vec {c}}}" loading="lazy"></span> als Linearkombination der beiden anderen darzustellen, so sieht man auch ohne Rechnung, dass dies unmöglich ist, da diese beiden Vektoren keine Basis des durch <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\vec {a}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>a</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\vec {a}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/546e6615827e17295718741fd0b86f639a947f16.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.23ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\vec {a}}}" loading="lazy"></span> und <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\vec {b}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>b</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\vec {b}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/3c9ef58be7103eb0b2bfcb460df23430f6a36216.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.094ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\vec {b}}}" loading="lazy"></span> erzeugten zweidimensionalen Vektorraums sind.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Verwendung">Verwendung</h2></div>
<p>Komplanaritätsuntersuchungen werden häufig bei der Ermittlung der Lagebeziehungen zwischen <a href="Gerade" title="Gerade">Geraden</a> oder Geraden und Ebenen durchgeführt.
</p><p>In der Chemie ist z.&nbsp;B. bei <a href="Kongener" class="mw-redirect" title="Kongener">Kongeneren</a> von <a href="Polychlorierte_Biphenyle" title="Polychlorierte Biphenyle">polychlorierten Biphenylen</a> (PCB) die Coplanarität ein wichtiges Kriterium für deren Toxizität: <i>Coplanare</i> bzw. <i>dioxinähnliche PCB</i> sind deutlich toxischer.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Einzelnachweise">Einzelnachweise</h2></div>
<ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Tilo Arens und andere: <cite style="font-style:italic">Mathematik</cite>. 5. Auflage. Springer, 2022, ISBN 978-3-662-64388-4, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>566</span>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Komplanarit%C3%A4t&amp;rft.au=Tilo+Arens+und+andere&amp;rft.btitle=Mathematik&amp;rft.date=2022&amp;rft.edition=5.&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=9783662643884&amp;rft.pages=566&amp;rft.pub=Springer" style="display:none">&nbsp;</span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Chr. Dürr und andere: <cite style="font-style:italic">Analytische Geometrie Leistungskurs</cite>. Volk und Wissen Verlag, Berlin 1998, ISBN 978-3-06-001173-5, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>78</span>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Komplanarit%C3%A4t&amp;rft.au=Chr.+D%C3%BCrr+und+andere&amp;rft.btitle=Analytische+Geometrie+Leistungskurs&amp;rft.date=1998&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=9783060011735&amp;rft.pages=78&amp;rft.place=Berlin&amp;rft.pub=Volk+und+Wissen+Verlag" style="display:none">&nbsp;</span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Chr. Dürr und andere: <cite style="font-style:italic">Analytische Geometrie Leistungskurs</cite>. Volk und Wissen Verlag, Berlin 1998, ISBN 978-3-06-001173-5, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>55</span>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Komplanarit%C3%A4t&amp;rft.au=Chr.+D%C3%BCrr+und+andere&amp;rft.btitle=Analytische+Geometrie+Leistungskurs&amp;rft.date=1998&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=9783060011735&amp;rft.pages=55&amp;rft.place=Berlin&amp;rft.pub=Volk+und+Wissen+Verlag" style="display:none">&nbsp;</span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">H. Krämer, R. Höwelmann, I. Klemisch: <cite style="font-style:italic">Analytische Geometrie und Lineare Algebra</cite>. Verlag Moritz Diesterweg, Frankfurt am Main 1989, ISBN 3-425-05301-9, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>75&nbsp;–&nbsp;82</span>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Komplanarit%C3%A4t&amp;rft.au=H.+Kr%C3%A4mer%2C+R.+H%C3%B6welmann%2C+I.+Klemisch&amp;rft.btitle=Analytische+Geometrie+und+Lineare+Algebra&amp;rft.date=1989&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=3425053019&amp;rft.pages=75+-+82&amp;rft.place=Frankfurt+am+Main&amp;rft.pub=Verlag+Moritz+Diesterweg" style="display:none">&nbsp;</span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:italic">Chlorierte Biphenyle [MAK Value Documentation in German language, 2013]</cite>. In: <cite style="font-style:italic">The MAK-Collection for Occupational Health and Safety</cite>. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, Weinheim 2013, ISBN 978-3-527-60041-0, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>1–139</span>, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002/3527600418.mb0cbphpcbd0055">10.1002/3527600418.mb0cbphpcbd0055</a></span>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Komplanarit%C3%A4t&amp;rft.atitle=Chlorierte+Biphenyle+%5BMAK+Value+Documentation+in+German+language%2C+2013%5D&amp;rft.btitle=The+MAK-Collection+for+Occupational+Health+and+Safety&amp;rft.date=2013-05-22&amp;rft.doi=10.1002%2F3527600418.mb0cbphpcbd0055&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=9783527600410&amp;rft.pages=1-139&amp;rft.place=Weinheim&amp;rft.pub=Wiley-VCH+Verlag+GmbH+%26+Co.+KGaA" style="display:none">&nbsp;</span></span>
</li>
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